When does testing need to happen?
Testing is required as of the last day of the plan year. In practice, you want results several months before that deadline so there is still time to act on anything that needs to be corrected. Once the year closes, the window to fix problems closes with it.
Does the IRS receive these results?
No. Nondiscrimination test results are retained by the employer as internal compliance documentation. They are never filed with the IRS. If your plan is ever audited, the records need to be available. We retain documentation on your behalf so it is there when you need it.
What happens if our plan fails a test?
A failed test affects only the employees the law identifies as highly compensated. The rest of your workforce is unaffected. That said, the financial and administrative consequences for the affected employees and the employer can be significant, which is why catching a problem early matters so much.
How many tests does our plan need?
That depends on which benefits your plan offers. A basic premium-only plan has a smaller set of required tests than a plan that also includes spending accounts. When you submit your information, we identify which tests apply to your specific plan and run only those.
What data do you need from us?
We need a census of everyone who worked during the plan year, including employees who left mid-year. For each person, we need salary information, benefit elections, and a few data points about their role in the company. We provide a template, and most employers can complete it in under an hour.
Who counts as a highly compensated employee?
The IRS definition includes officers, shareholders with significant ownership stakes, employees above a certain compensation level, and their spouses and dependents. The specifics matter. The definition is more inclusive than most employers realize, which is why the analysis needs to be done carefully.
Our payroll provider said we are covered. Should we still test?
This is one of the most common sources of false confidence in this area. Administering a plan and testing a plan are two different things. Most payroll and benefits platforms do not perform nondiscrimination testing as part of their service. Ask your provider specifically whether they ran the tests and can provide documentation. In most cases, they did not.
Can S-Corporation owners participate in the plan?
Shareholders above a certain ownership threshold in an S-Corporation are treated differently under the tax code and are generally not eligible to participate in the company's cafeteria plan in the same way as other employees. This is a common gap that we flag during testing when ownership data is submitted.